PUBLIC ADOPTIONS involve children who are currently in the custody of a county child-welfare agency, such as the Department of Family and Children Services ("DFACS").  Usually, children come into DFACS custody because of allegations of parental neglect or abuse.  Children are then placed in foster care while the juvenile court determines whether it is safe to return the children to their parents.  If the court decides that the unsafe conditions have not been corrected within a mandated period, it will terminate the parent's legal rights to the children, thereby allowing them to be placed for adoption.

Prospective adoptive parents seeking to adopt a child or sibling group may contact their local county DFACS office directly.  However, many parents seek assistance from a local non-profit agency that contracts with DFACS or the state.  These agencies provide training and support for prospective parents.

The cost for a public adoption is much less than that of a private adoption.  Many agencies charge a nominal application fee to the prospective parents.  The parents must also pay for the attorney's legal fee, as well as any court costs.  However, there may be federal or state financial assistance available if you are adopting an older child or one with special needs, as defined by the state.

Currently, the federal government allows a one-time adoption tax credit.  Prospective parents should discuss this tax credit with their accountants.